The HDR article explains that a successful zero-emission fleet transition starts with planning, not vehicle replacement. Organizations should begin with a fleet inventory and duty-cycle analysis to identify which vehicles, routes, and use cases are best suited for electrification. It emphasizes modeling total cost of ownership (TCO), assessing charging needs (depot, shared, or public), and engaging utilities early to address grid capacity and timelines. HDR recommends pilot programs with clear KPIs to test assumptions before scaling, along with phased roadmaps that align infrastructure, procurement, and operations. Workforce impacts, including training for drivers and maintenance staff, must be planned alongside data systems to track performance, energy use, and emissions. Aligning the tra

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