The water and wastewater sector faces increasing OT cyber risks as operational systems become more connected and exposed to threats. This industry brief outlines major risks, including ransomware, insecure remote access, limited network visibility, and insider threats. It highlights common attack scenarios such as compromised HMIs and emphasizes the need for defensible architecture, secure remote access, and risk‑based vulnerability management. Strong incident response planning and continuous monitoring are essential for utilities to protect critical services and maintain resilient, safe operations.

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