This paper explains how the EU Cyber Resilience Act (CRA) establishes mandatory cybersecurity requirements for products with digital elements, covering hardware and software across their entire lifecycle. It outlines the CRA’s objectives, scope, applicability tests, and key timelines, noting that the regulation entered into force in December 2024 with staged compliance deadlines through 2027. The document details security-by-default, vulnerability handling, SBOM requirements, conformity assessments, reporting obligations, and CE marking. It also highlights roles and responsibilities for manufacturers, importers, and distributors, potential fines for non-compliance, and provides a practical roadmap—assessment, categorization, compliance, documentation, and continuous monitoring—to help manufacturers achieve CRA readiness.

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