Industrial organizations face growing cyber threats as OT systems become more connected to IT, cloud platforms, and remote users. Traditional defenses like air-gapping and VPNs are no longer sufficient. A modern approach centers on zero trust, where every user and device must be continuously authenticated and monitored. Effective solutions must address OT-specific challenges such as legacy systems, uptime requirements, and third-party access. Key capabilities include identity-based access control, full session visibility, offline/on-prem deployment, rapid implementation, and scalability. The guide also highlights common pitfalls, such as IT-centric solutions misapplied to OT, and emphasizes selecting purpose-built tools that enhance security without disrupting operations.

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