Organizations can reduce wasteful work by focusing on making decisions more reversible and work more visible. Treating plans as experiments allows leaders to review projects quarterly, break big risks into smaller tests, build rough prototypes, and use objective metrics to validate key ideas early. Visibility is equally important, since it is difficult to improve or stop unproductive efforts without understanding what is being done and how well it is performing. Clear transparency helps companies spot duplicated work, refine overlapping teams, accelerate valuable initiatives, and enable employees to learn from related projects, contribute their expertise, and coordinate more effectively across teams.

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