The NIS2 Directive builds on the original 2016 EU Network and Information Security framework, which aimed to strengthen cybersecurity across member states and protect essential services. It introduced measures such as improving national cyber readiness, establishing incident response teams, and promoting cooperation among countries. It also encouraged a stronger security culture across critical sectors like energy, transport, and water. As cyber threats continue to evolve, NIS2 expands and modernizes these requirements to address new risks, enforce stricter security standards, and improve resilience. Organizations must adopt comprehensive security practices to meet compliance, enhance threat response, and ensure the protection of critical infrastructure and digital services.

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