O‑RAN is being adopted by service providers and equipment vendors to reduce deployment costs and encourage innovation through an open, interoperable ecosystem. The O‑RAN Alliance aims to create a multi‑vendor, autonomous RAN with improved performance, lower cost, and greater flexibility. As part of this evolution, virtualization shifts traditional, custom hardware–based RAN functions into software running on general‑purpose compute platforms. After beginning in the core network, cloud technologies are now enabling virtualized radio access networks, increasing agility and accelerating innovation across the mobile industry.

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