With no single national data privacy law in the United States, organizations must navigate a growing patchwork of state-level regulations. Unlike the EU’s GDPR, U.S. privacy obligations vary widely across states, creating complexity for businesses and academic institutions that manage personal data across jurisdictions. Sixteen states have enacted their own laws, each with different requirements for data rights, consent, retention, and breach response. Understanding the similarities and differences among these laws is essential for maintaining compliance and establishing consistent, effective data protection practices.

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