This white paper explains how organizations can monitor industrial control system and operational technology networks without disrupting safety-critical processes. Greater connectivity exposes energy, water, transportation, manufacturing, healthcare, and other critical infrastructure to cyberattacks, operational failures, and costly downtime. The paper stresses fault-tolerant, low-latency, out-of-band monitoring, with data diodes preventing signals from monitoring tools from entering production networks. It compares SPAN ports with TAPs, noting that mission-critical analysis requires complete line-rate packet visibility and precise hardware timestamping. The guide also covers speed conversion, legacy protocol challenges, predictive maintenance, secure packet brokers, and strategic capture

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