Latency in video surveillance refers to the delay between when an image is captured and when it is displayed, and it occurs across multiple stages including camera processing, network transmission, and client-side decoding and buffering. While cameras contribute only a small portion of total delay, the network and client introduce the most variability due to bandwidth limits, congestion, and buffering requirements. Reducing latency requires optimizing the entire system rather than a single component, including improving network infrastructure, adjusting bitrate and compression, and minimizing buffering. The paper emphasizes that trade-offs between image quality, stability, and responsiveness must be carefully balanced to achieve optimal real-time performance.

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