This whitepaper explores how electric utilities can meet NERC CIP compliance requirements while addressing modern cyber threats targeting critical infrastructure. It highlights the limitations of traditional perimeter-based defenses in protecting grid systems, especially against insider threats and lateral movement. The paper presents a Zero Trust approach using identity-based access, microsegmentation, and continuous monitoring to secure substations, control systems, and remote access. Zentera’s overlay model enables utilities to enforce strict access controls without redesigning networks or disrupting operations, ensuring both compliance and operational continuity.

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