Quantum computing leverages superposition and entanglement to solve complex problems exponentially faster than classical systems, posing a threat to current cryptography. Quantum cryptography, using photon-based Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), offers unhackable communication and eavesdropping detection. In finance, quantum computing enhances targeting, prediction, and trading optimization. Challenges include identifying applications, overcoming hardware noise, and developing skilled talent. While classical computing dominates today, quantum capabilities via the cloud and adoption of quantum-safe encryption are essential to counter “store now, decrypt later” risks and ensure future-proof security.

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