As battery energy storage systems rapidly expand to support grid reliability and renewable integration, they are becoming critical targets for cyber threats. Risks stem from system standardization, interconnected architectures, and reliance on global supply chains, which increase exposure to attacks and reduce visibility into component security. Potential impacts include operational disruption, financial loss, and broader grid instability. The document outlines evolving regulatory frameworks in the U.S. and EU and emphasizes proactive cybersecurity strategies, including secure design, supply chain validation, network segmentation, access control, continuous monitoring, and incident response planning. A forward-looking, defense-in-depth approach is essential to ensure resilience and long-term system security.

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