As AI-driven networks expand, datacenters and telecom providers require lower insertion loss to reduce energy use and maintain signal quality. Insertion loss measures how much optical power is lost as it travels through a device such as a patch cord or photonic circuit, indicating how transparent the component is within the network. It is the ratio between input and output power, showing the efficiency of the optical path. Understanding and accurately measuring insertion loss is essential for designing reliable, high‑performance optical systems that stay within power and performance budgets.

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