The U.S. water and wastewater sector faces escalating cyber threats, with increasing incidents since 2016 and growing exposure of vulnerable OT assets. Key risks include ICS‑focused malware, internet‑exposed control systems, and repeated compromises across treatment facilities. Historical events from 2006 to 2023 show a clear rise in both frequency and severity of attacks. Dragos tracks groups like CHERNOVITE, KAMACITE, and PARISITE targeting this sector. The report stresses the need for stronger defenses, better monitoring, and improved incident response to protect critical water infrastructure.

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