This white paper explains why wholesale roaming billing is shifting from TAP (the long-standing file-based standard) toward GSMA’s Billing and Charging Evolution (BCE) to better support IoT and 5G needs like huge transaction volumes, low-value data events, new charging models, and 5G slicing (pages 2–3). It notes that TAP will remain for legacy voice, SMS, and 3G/4G data, but GSMA does not plan to evolve TAP further, so BCE is positioned as the future path, with 5G transactions expected to be settled via BCE (page 3). BCE promises simpler, more flexible settlement with new formats (UDR, BSR, DDR), configurable settlement cycles, standardized reconciliation, automated validation, and fraud protections, and the paper urges operators to begin migrating now, highlighting Enghouse WRM support f

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