This white paper explains why GSMA’s Billing and Charging Evolution (BCE) is becoming essential for roaming settlement as 5G and IoT drive massive data growth and new charging requirements that legacy TAP cannot handle. It cites forecasts of about 79 zettabytes of IoT data in 2025, 349 operators with commercial 5G in 131 countries (72 with standalone 5G), and 2.1 billion 5G subscriptions as of Q3 2024, arguing that file-based daily batch settlement and static TAP formats cannot support slice IDs, QoS classes, or IoT event tiers (page 2). BCE introduces UDR, BSR, and DDR record types and enables flexible settlement cycles, automated reconciliation, and integrated fraud controls (page 3). It positions Enghouse WRM as supporting both TAP and BCE with real-time validation, multi-tenant archite

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