This white paper examines insider threat risks in the federal government, from espionage cases like Ames and Snowden to modern cyber-driven breaches. It outlines employee, supply chain, and remote worker vulnerabilities, emphasizing accidental leaks, social engineering, and account compromise. Federal-specific concerns span healthcare, national security, and entitlement programs. Effective Insider Threat Management (ITM) requires people-centric security, blending behavior analysis, AI/ML, and human oversight. The paper highlights Executive Order 13587 and the Insider Threat Program Maturity Framework, urging agencies to adopt proactive, holistic approaches. Proofpoint’s ObserveIT platform supports detection, risk reduction, and faster response.

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