This white paper explores how the clinical research industry can reduce its environmental impact while maintaining scientific rigor, patient safety, and operational efficiency. IQVIA estimates that clinical trials generated approximately 2.0 million tonnes of CO₂ equivalent emissions in 2023, driven by global supply chains, in-person monitoring, travel, manufacturing, and laboratory operations. The paper recommends enhancing Risk-Based Monitoring (RBM) with sustainability principles by expanding digitization, centralized and remote monitoring, decentralized clinical trials, sustainable procurement, regulatory support for virtual operations, and energy-efficient laboratory practices. It concludes that integrating sustainability into existing clinical trial processes can reduce emissions wit

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